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The term digital Quran is used to refer to the text of the Qur'an processed or distributed as an electronic text, or more specifically to an electronic device dedicated to displaying the text of the Qur'an and playing digital recordings of Qur'an readings. Such a device has first been marketed in Indonesia beginning in 1993.〔(Indonesians tune in to digital Koran ) Reuters; introduced in 1993 by the Korean company; Penman Corporation〕 These devices were capable of audio playback of recorded recitations of the Qur'an with synchronized on-screen Arabic text. It allowed basic navigation of the Quran with the ability for the user to select a specific surah (chapter) and ayah (verse).〔() Example of Digital Qur'an for Smartphones〕 Translations of the Quran to other languages were also included, sometimes synchronized with the original Arabic recitations. The products were mass-produced in China at an affordable price; however this was achieved at the sacrifice of expenditure on research and development. Subsequent models introduced color screens. Since the availability of more powerful mobile devices such as smartphones, focus has shifted on the production of Quranic software for such devices rather than dedicated "digital Quran" devices.〔( Living the Information Society in Asia ); Erwin Alampay〕 Qur'anic software on CD-Rom has been developed since the early 1990s.〔(quran.com (October 1996) ) "Al-Quran Al-Kareem on CD-ROM software is developed by Mirco Systems International, a company based in Champaign, Illinois, U.S.A. This program is the original Quran on CD software. Micro Systems has been continually improving features and other aspects of the program since 1990, making it the best multimedia tool for learning the Quran today."〕 Online texts began to be hosted by Islamic websites from the 2000s.〔 ( muttaqun.com ) had a transliteration of the Arabic text alongside GIF graphics of the text in Arabic script online in 2000. (searchtruth.com ) had an electronic text online in 2004. (quran.com (2007) ) hosted the Yusuf Ali English translation, adding the Arabic text (in 2008 ). (qurany.net ) and (quranexplorer.com ) had the Arabic text online from 2006. (quranflash.com ) followed in 2007 using Adobe Flash to show animations of turning pages. 〕 Commenters speculated about how the special ''barakah'' or contagion heuristic associated with the Qur'an translates to electronic texts.〔"there may be a place on a separate portion of a believer's hard drive, apart from other forms of content of a nonreligious nature, for a digital Qur'an" Gary R. Bunt, ''iMuslims'', 2009, (p.87 )〕 Other observers noted that this way of thinking is foreign to the devices users, who adopt western digital technology unthinkingly.〔"But this perception is a 'western' one and not that of the Arab reader, to whom modern technology is something strange and foreign, technological containers which can be imported and used without any analysis of their actual content (Example: Digital Koran)." (The Almost Complete Lack of the Element of "Futureness" ) Heise Online〕 Myrvold (2010) summarizes the debate on how Qur'anic etexts and the devices holding them should be handled, citing a fatwa issued by the "Ask Imam" website to the effect that ritual purity should only be regarded in connection with such a device during the time Qur'anic text is actually being displayed. 〔Kristina Myrvold, ''The Death of Sacred Texts: Ritual Disposal and Renovation of Texts in World Religions'', 2010, (p. 47 ), citing a 2008 fatqa at "askimam.com" phrased "Do You Have to Have Wudu When Handling a Digital Quran?"〕 ==See also== *Islam and modernity 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Digital Quran」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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